Text alignment can be set on left, right & center within Inkscape itself via Toolbar, which will appear when entering text editing mode by double clicking on Text, or pressing F8 when the text is selected. Alternatively, text also can be aligned via Text & Font dialog by pressing Ctrl+Shift+T when text is selected.

Be aware that text will remain at its original position when aligning text via toolbar. And text will change its position when aligning via popup dialog. Either way, observe that the anchor of the text which is indicated by a small little box at the bottom of the text will appear on the left, right & center to denote its configured alignment.